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Operation Trojan Horse refers to an organised attempt by a number of associated individuals to introduce an Islamist or Salafist ethos into several schools in Birmingham, England.〔Peter Clarke, (Report into allegations concerning Birmingham schools arising from the ‘Trojan Horse’ letter ), Jule 2014〕〔 The name, based on the Greek legend, comes from a leaked letter discovered in March 2014, alleged to be from Birmingham Islamists detailing how to wrest control of a school and speculating about expanding the scheme to other cities. Around a month later, Birmingham City Council said that it had received "hundreds" of allegations of plots similar to those illustrated in the letter, some dating back over 20 years. Tahir Alam, former chairman of the Park View Educational Trust which ran three schools in Birmingham, was found to have written a 72-page document for the Muslim Council of Britain in 2007 detailing a blueprint for the "Islamisation" of secular state schools.〔 Ofsted and the Education Funding Authority in 21 schools in Birmingham said it had found evidence of an organised campaign to target certain schools by Islamists and that head teachers had been "marginalised or forced out of their jobs".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-27763113 )〕 Golden Hillock School, Nansen Primary School, Park View School - all run by the Park View Educational Trust - Oldknow Academy and Saltley School were placed in special measures after inspectors found systemic failings including the schools having failed to take adequate steps to safeguard pupils against extremism. Another school investigated, Alston Primary, was already in special measures. A sixth school was labelled inadequate for its poor educational standards and twelve schools were found needing of improvements. Three schools were commended.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2652887/Five-Trojan-Horse-schools-placed-special-measures-combat-Islamic-fanatics-Ofsted-chief-warns-children-risk-radicalisation-extremism.html )〕 Ofsted subsequently expanded their investigation into schools in East London, Bradford and Luton over concerns regarding a limited curriculum and pupils' detachment from the wider community.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Trojan Horse: Ofsted probe widens to Luton and London )〕 Ofsted chief Sir Michael Wilshaw accused Birmingham City Council of a "serious failure" in supporting schools in protecting children from extremism.〔 Its leader, Sir Albert Bore, said that the Council accepted the Ofsted findings that schools in the city were failing pupils.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-27773216 )〕 A government report, commissioned by the Ministry of Education, written by Peter Clarke, the former head of the Metropolitan police's counterterrorism command, found that there is "no evidence to suggest that there is a problem with governance generally" nor any "evidence of terrorism, radicalisation or violent extremism in the schools of concern in Birmingham," but said that there was "evidence that there are a number of people, associated with each other and in positions of influence in schools and governing bodies, who espouse, sympathise with or fail to challenge extremist views," and that there had been "co-ordinated, deliberate and sustained" attempts "by a number of associated individuals, to introduce an intolerant and aggressive Islamic ethos" into "a few schools in Birmingham."〔〔 The report found that senior council officials and elected members were apparently aware of these issues, but dealt with them on a case-by-case basis rather than making "any serious attempt to see if there was a pattern," though it is not clear whether this was due to "community cohesion," an "issue of education management," or appeasement.〔〔 Birmingham City Council imposed a temporary freeze on the appointment of school governors after probes into Operation Trojan Horse were announced. The British Prime Minister, David Cameron, said that "protecting our children () one of the first duties of government" and convened an emergency meeting of the Extremism Taskforce and a ministerial meeting to discuss the affair. He announced proposals to send Ofsted to any school without warning, saying that the schools in question had been able to stage a "cover-up' previously.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.theguardian.com/education/2014/jun/09/downing-street-launches-snap-ofsted-visits-after-extremism-claims )〕 The government terminated its funding arrangement with three of the schools.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-27775709 )〕 In the wake of the findings, Michael Gove, the Education Secretary, announced that all schools in the country will have to promote "British values" of tolerance and fairness and said that teachers will be banned from the profession if they allow extremists into schools.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/10887329/Trojan-horse-report-All-school-children-to-be-taught-British-values-from-September-says-Michael-Gove.html )〕 A number of governors and the Muslim Council of Britain dubbed the reaction of authorities to the plot a "witch-hunt". In protest of the investigations, Tahir Alam and several governors of affected schools resigned.〔 Tahir Alam was in fact dismissed and banned from future involvement in British schools. ==Letter== The leaked letter on the plot was reported by media including the BBC on 7 March 2014. In it, Islamists claimed responsibility for installing a new headteacher at four schools in Birmingham, and highlighted 12 others in the city which would be easy targets due to large Muslim attendance and poor inspection reports.〔 It encouraged parents to complain about the school's leadership with false accusations of sex education, forced Christian prayer and mixed physical education, with the aim of obtaining a new leadership of Islamists.〔 It was also encouraged to attain Academy status for successfully infiltrated schools, so as to have a curriculum independent of the Local Education Authority. The letter was alleged to have been written from Birmingham and sent to a contact in Bradford to expand the operation into that city.〔 Its author described the plan as "totally invisible to the naked eye and () us to operate under the radar".〔 ''The Times'' described the letter as 'a crude forgery', noting that "The document appears to show that the conspirators were working to remove a primary school headmistress who was actually dismissed 20 years ago",〔Dominic Kennedy, Greg Hurst and Ruth Gledhill, 'Times discovers that ‘Trojan horse’ letter is a crude forgery', ''The Times'", 11 March 2014〕 although it was not sceptical of Ofsted's investigations of the schools.〔 ''The Guardian'' and ''The Independent'' both stated that the letter is "widely regarded as a fake".〔Richard Adams, (Is the Trojan horse row just a witch hunt triggered by a hoax? ), ''The Guardian'', 8 June 2014.〕〔Richard Garner, (Trojan Horse row Q&A: What is the 'Muslim plot' all about – and why is it so important? ), ''The Independent'', 8 June 2014.〕 It has later been confirmed by Birmingham City's education commissioner Sir Mike Tomlinson, that the letter was no hoax. The controversy started with a disclosure by a former teacher from Parkview School, who was later named as Michael White. His complaints were published on 24 February 2014,〔()〕 whereas the 'trojan horse' letter was not published in the press until 2 March 2014,. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Operation Trojan Horse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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